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Bearings come in a variety of types depending on their application, and often with a bewildering variety of reference numbers. They are however basically easy to understand if you accept that they have only three basic dimensions, Outer Diameter (OD) Inner Diameter (ID) and width (W).
 
  At this point I recommend that you purchase a Vernier Gauge, a good one in imperial and metric, more than accurate enough for our purposes can be had for a reasonable price. It is unlikely that for most purposes you are ever going to need to measure beyond 1/64" or 0.5mm. If you can't read the number, your bearing stockist will need only those three dimensions and it's application. Why the application? This is because, for example, wheel bearings have different stress requirements to those of crankshaft bearings - and some cranks use roller bearings.
 
  When replacing older bearings, which have a felt seal to retain the grease, it makes sense to replace the felt seal (which is probably worn out and dried up anyway) with a rubber seal. Measure the dimensions of the housing, a fantastic range of seals are available to order in no more than a few days. (If you're a total purist, you can cut a strip of metal sheet and wrap it around the outside diameter of the felt, squeezing it inwards onto the shaft, soaking the felt in thick oil will swell it nicely). More modern sizes may now be available with a rubber seal built into the bearing - almost all metric sizes will be.
 
 

Taper roller bearings in wheels are often extremely expensive but may be replaced with ball equivalents of the "Lateral Thrust" type. Cup and cone types are more of a problem. It is usually difficult to remove the "cup" from it's housing, and the "cone" is mounted on a threaded portion of the spindle, not the ideal area to seat the centre of a roller bearing.

Major surgery by a competent engineer is called for here. An important point to remember when fitting taper rollers, commonly secured by a castellated nut and split pin, is that they must have barely perceptible free play. Tighten the nut, (firmly to ensure good seating of a new bearing) then back it off by one "Flat" of the nut before fitting the split pin. With a finger on the nut, spin the wheel, if there is any tightness or roughness, slacken a fraction more. Free play should not exceed about 1/16" at the wheel rim. Cup and cone bearings are treated in much the same way.

 
 

Tip
Aluminium casings, including wheel hubs, can get a terrifically firm grip on bearings, which actually drop out without any problem, when the casing is hot. The trick is to heat the casing evenly to avoid distortion. Blowlamps are frowned upon as providing too much localised heat, a bucket of boiling water used to be the recommended method. Much easier if you have one, is to use a hot air gun paintstripper.

When fitting new bearings to crankshafts, it is worthwhile after fitting it into the engine casing, to try the bearing on the shaft prior to trying to close the crankcase halves together. It should slide home up the shaft easily but with some slight resistance. If it were so tight as to need other than just a gentle tap with a soft mallet it would be as well to 'relieve' the shaft by polishing it with emery tape.

It should not be necessary to "force" crankcase halves together. If the bearings are a sliding fit on the shafts and you can't close the joint faces, then something is out of place, (most probably a gear or selector shaft in the case of unit construction engines).

Check and try again, don't ever do as I once saw a mechanic do, squeeze it together in a bench vice!

Comments

Sporty Steve   5th March 01

Good articles, I was just wondering if we are going to get any that are on modern bikes rather than the old ones. (it's a bit before my time!)

Barry Swanson   22nd April 01

I THINK I'VE GOOFED....the wheel bearings (tapered rollers) in my old trumpet were a bit sad, and as we couldn't find replacements, the engineer I use said "why not build a new axel that will take lateral thrust, and fit modern ball races", which we did, ...smooth as silk.
Yesterday I was telling a more experienced bike person than I this story, and he thought that ball-type bearings would not be up to the stress placed on them by a rigid frame,I had this sudden chilly feeling run up my spine as the logic of it hit home,.......your thoughts and comments?
Barry



Trivena   23rd April 01

Barry, you could also post this in the Total Bike Bits Forum too, you will most likely get some good advice. Good Luck.

beano   13th July 01

I don't think Barry Swanson need worry too much about using ball wheelbearings in his rigid model. Ponder this -
a)Not all rigid models used taper bearings, mainly heavyweights & sidecar models.
b)Roads are much smoother now (aren't they?) so not so many shocks
c)50+ years on we have better quality balls?

TonyC   12th October 02

I recently changed a "pull-apart" roller bearing on the left side of the crank in my '70 Bonnie and found that there are different fits between inner and outer race! These are known as C1, C2, C3, CN & possibly C4. C1 being the lowest clearance, CN the normal clearance as used commercially. I read an article in the Bonneville Gold Portfolio Book by an ex Meriden engineer Harry Woolridge who strongly recommended using C1's as did the factory (avoided "mains knock" when hot). These unfortunately seem impossible to get now and I had to settle for C2's. Is this variety of fit commonly available for most bearings?

Beano   19th November 02

Taper-roller head bearings. A worthwhile mod. Not available for many brits, but are for most Jap and European. Did you know that some good quality aftermarket sets are the same brands as sold for washing machine drums? Check the sizes required - the washing machine bearings sell at half the price. You could also check with your local bearing stockist - the dimensions required will be ID, OD and thickness of the original set in assembled state.


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